First and second

After studying the numbers, it is easy to understand the first and second form of numbers.  So let us begin.

English	Sanskrit
First	प्रथम  mf(ā)n
Second	द्वितीय  mf(ā)n
Third	तृतीय  mf(ā)n
Fourth	चतुर्थ  mf(ī)n
Fifth	पञ्चम  mf(ī)n
Sixth	षष्ठ  mf(ī)n
Seventh	सप्तथ  mf(ī)n
Eighth	अष्टम  mf(ī)n
Ninth	सवम   mf(ī)n
Tenth	दशम  mf(ī)n

 

These numbers are used as adjectives and can be also used in a sentence to name a chapter, for instance;

अथ प्रथमो ऽध्यायः । अर्जुनविषादयोगः
atha prathamo ‘dhyāyaḥ । arjuna-viṣāda-yogaḥ
Now starts the first chapter: the yoga of Arjuna’s despair

One thing to note is, just as English uses the sound –th from Four, similarly in Sanskrit, the –I sound is used for the feminine.

 11^th to 19^th

The numbers are almost same, and can be formed by inflicting like the noun ending –a. for feminine its –i

अथ षोडशो ऽध्यायः । दैवासुरसम्पद्विभागयोगः
atha ṣoḍaśo ‘dhyāyaḥ । daiva-asura-sampad-vibhāga-yogaḥ
Now starts the sixteenth chapter: the yoga of the division between divine and demonic fates

20^TH to 99^th

To get the form, ‘tama’ is added to the end of the word, it can also be contracted to a shorter form.

द्वाविंशतितम
dvāviṃśatitama
Twenty-second

एकविंश, चतुस्त्रिंश, नवचत्वारिंश, अष्टापञ्चाश, द्वाषष्ट, सप्तसप्तत, पञ्चाशीत, षड्णवत

ekaviṃśa, catustriṃśa, navacatvāriṃśa, aṣṭāpañcāśa, dvāṣaṣṭa, saptasaptata, pañcāśīta, ṣaḍṇavata

Twenty-first, thirty-fourth, forty-ninth, fifty-eighth, sixty-second, seventy-seventh, eighty-fifth, Ninety-sixth

100^th onward

Either ‘tama’ is added or it is same.