Short pronouns ‘etad’ and ‘ena’

We have studied earlier that there are three basic pronouns; मद्, त्वद्, and तद्. Out of these three, mad and tvad have optional short forms. They are normally used in poetry and not in sentences. So let’s take a look at them.

Short pronouns ‘etad’ and ‘ena’

mad (no gender)

tvad (no gender)

etad

While tad refers to something far away, etad refers to something near to the speaker. This can be taken in a literal sense or abstract.

How to get etad from? It’s easy, just add –e vowel to the front of tad.

तस्मै → एतस्मै
tasmai → etasmai
For it (masculine or neuter)

तासाम् → एतासाम्
tāsām → etāsām
Of them (feminine)

स गच्छति → एष गच्छति
sa gacchati → eṣa gacchati
He goes.

Here the case 1 esah and esā have changed because of internal sandhi.

ena

ena is like a short form of tad, it is not capable of starting a sentence, it occurs in numbers and in a few cases. It refers to something that has already been mentioned. In order to use ena, replace the t part of tad with en. The examples are given below to help you out.

ena (masculine)