Sanskrit pronouns are very interesting topic to understand. Hence we are coming back to understand this topic. We all know that pronouns are used to refer location of a noun, whether it is onto something or into or above or beyond. It also tells us whether the noun is far away or nearby.Pronoun bits: “इदम्” is used to refer something that is close by, for example:
एतद् —> इदम् —> अदस् —> तद्
etad —> idam —> adas —> tad
This (right near us) —> (Close at hand) —> That (within sight) —> That (remote)
Let’s take a look how they behave in different forms
ayam (masculine)
| अयम् | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Case 1 (subject) | अयम् ayam | - | इमे ime |
| Case 2 (object ) | इयम् iyam | - | |
| Case 3 (with) | अनेन anena | - | |
| Case 5 (from) | अस्मात् asmāt | - | |
| Case 6 (of) | अस्य asya | - | |
| Case 7 (in) | अस्मिन् asmin | - |
The a ending that we see here can be used in different words too. For example, in atra , this means “here”
Now let’s take a look at the neuter pronoun
idam (neuter)
| इदम् | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Case 1 (subject) | इदम् idam | - | - |
| Case 2 (object ) | इदम् idam | - | - |